端牢中国饭碗 铆足干劲加快建设农业强国******
保障粮食供给,端牢中国饭碗(人民观点)
——铆足干劲加快建设农业强国②
农业基础地位任何时候都不能忽视和削弱,手中有粮、心中不慌在任何时候都是真理
始终绷紧粮食安全这根弦,牢牢把住粮食安全主动权,努力构建更高层次、更高质量、更有效率、更可持续的粮食安全保障体系
山东省东营市河口区地处黄河入海口,盐碱地多达69.72万亩。近年来,当地依托科技创新,在良种培育、盐碱地种植等方面下功夫,打造国家级耐盐碱种业应用示范区,大豆新品种“齐黄34”实现平均亩产329.3公斤。良种良法配套,农机农艺融合,科技种田为粮食稳产保供提供了有力支撑,让乡亲们日子越过越红火。
粮食安全是“国之大者”。习近平总书记在中央农村工作会议上强调:“保障粮食和重要农产品稳定安全供给始终是建设农业强国的头等大事。”对我们这样一个有着14亿多人口的大国来说,国家粮食安全了,实现经济发展、社会稳定、国家安全才有基础;农业基础地位任何时候都不能忽视和削弱,手中有粮、心中不慌在任何时候都是真理。
党的十八大以来,在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下,各地区各部门把确保重要农产品特别是粮食供给作为首要任务,各项举措扎实有效,广大农民辛勤耕耘,大国粮仓根基稳固。粮食产量连续8年站稳1.3万亿斤台阶,谷物基本自给、口粮绝对安全,粮食和重要农产品供给稳定……来之不易的丰收答卷,是政策好、科技强、人努力等多种因素共同作用的结果。在二〇二三年新年贺词中,习近平主席指出:“面对全球粮食危机,我国粮食生产实现‘十九连丰’,中国人的饭碗端得更牢了。”
今天,我们牢牢把住了粮食安全的主动权,中国特色粮食安全之路越走越稳健。但也应清醒看到,当前,百年变局和世纪疫情相互交织,全球粮食产业链供应链不确定风险增加,我国粮食产需在今后相当长的时期内仍将处于紧平衡态势。同时,随着我国经济高质量发展和城镇化推进,粮食等重要农产品需求仍呈刚性增长态势,保障国家粮食安全压力更大、任务更重。面向未来,我们必须未雨绸缪,始终绷紧粮食安全这根弦,牢牢把住粮食安全主动权,努力构建更高层次、更高质量、更有效率、更可持续的粮食安全保障体系,以国内稳产保供的确定性来应对外部环境的不确定性。
要把提高农业综合生产能力放在更加突出的位置,紧紧抓住耕地和种子两个要害。耕地是粮食生产的命根子。我国耕地家底并不丰厚,以占世界9%的耕地,养活世界近20%的人口,人地关系紧张是基本国情。坚决守住18亿亩耕地红线,逐步把永久基本农田全部建成高标准农田,才能把有限的耕地资源用足用好。种子是农业的“芯片”。我国农业科技进步有目共睹,但也存在短板,其中最大的短板就是种子。种源安全关系到国家安全,下决心把我国种业搞上去,才能实现种业科技自立自强、种源自主可控。新征程上,深入实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略,实行最严格的耕地保护制度,打好种业翻身仗,方能不断夯实粮食生产物质基础,持续巩固和提高粮食生产能力。
保障粮食供给,还要着力调动农民和政府“两个积极性”。发展粮食生产,主体是种粮农民。近年来,从落实国家稻谷补贴、实际种粮农民一次性补贴、农机购置补贴等政策,到稳步提高稻谷小麦最低收购价水平,再到推动三大主粮完全成本保险和种植收入保险实现主产省产粮大县全覆盖……一系列好政策进村下田,稳预期、增效益,激发了农民种粮积极性。悠悠万事,吃饭为大。保证粮食安全,大家都有责任,党政同责要真正见效。严格考核,督促各地真正把保障粮食安全的责任扛起来,才能更好稳住粮食安全这块“压舱石”。新征程上,我们要健全种粮农民收益保障机制,健全主产区利益补偿机制,确保种粮农民合理收益、全面落实粮食安全党政同责,把中国人的饭碗牢牢端在自己手中。
减少粮食损耗是保障粮食安全的重要途径。据联合国粮农组织统计,每年全球粮食从生产到零售全环节损失约占世界粮食产量的14%。在我国,粮食生产仅“三夏”小麦机收环节减损1个百分点,就可挽回25亿斤粮食。减损就是增产,降耗就是增收。中办、国办印发的《粮食节约行动方案》明确,到2025年,粮食全产业链各环节节粮减损举措更加硬化实化细化,推动节粮减损取得更加明显成效。与此同时,还要树立大食物观,构建多元化食物供给体系,多途径开发食物来源。新征程上,我们要在增产和减损两端同时发力,持续推进食物节约各项行动,不断提高粮食安全保障水平。
党的二十大报告提出,“全方位夯实粮食安全根基”。立足自身抓好农业生产,坚决筑牢国家粮食安全防线、全方位夯实粮食安全根基,一定能让“中国饭碗”装得更满、端得更牢、成色更足,为稳定经济社会大局筑牢坚实基础。(人民日报 人民日报评论部)
中新网评:美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后,美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕,众议院共和党领袖凯文·麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录,将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图:美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀摄
由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素,众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中,美国民主党议员继续抱团,多轮投票中,一票不投麦卡锡,共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折,除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外,与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面,共和党党内反对者认为,麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱,无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府,另一方面,因为共和党的多数优势微弱,党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大,有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外,党内反对者也认为,自己的选票没有换取更多利益,希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步,比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物,众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任,选举几乎没有悬念。然而,麦卡锡此次为当选,不得不做出多个关键让步,其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制,使得众议长的权力被削弱,难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称,麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步,这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下,党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上,美国两党相互拆台,陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内,也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系,相互对抗,选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举,“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈,长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力,其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病,美国所谓的“民主”形象,让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举,变成了政客们利益置换的游戏,进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能,不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
(文图:赵筱尘 巫邓炎)